{"id":1532,"date":"2024-10-16T22:24:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T14:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/?p=1532"},"modified":"2024-10-25T14:40:27","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T06:40:27","slug":"%e5%9c%b0%e9%9d%a2%e4%b8%8a%e5%87%ba%e7%8e%b0%e4%ba%86%e8%9d%8c%e8%9a%aa%e7%8a%b6%e5%b7%a8%e6%b4%9e%ef%bc%8c%e8%bf%98%e5%9c%a8%e8%b6%8a%e5%8f%98%e8%b6%8a%e5%a4%a7%ef%bc%8c%e8%bf%99%e5%8f%af%e4%b8%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/?p=1532","title":{"rendered":"\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u874c\u86aa\u72b6\u5de8\u6d1e\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u8d8a\u53d8\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u8ff9\u8c61"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1991\u5e74\u4e0e2018\u5e74\u536b\u661f\u56fe\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aVictor Makarov and Aleksey Petrov via Murton et al, 2023\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u662f\u968f\u5de8\u6d1e\u4ea7\u751f\u800c\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/section>\n\n\n\n
\u64b0\u6587 | \u51ac\u9e22
\u5ba1\u6821 | \u4e8c\u4e03

<\/strong>\n\n\n\n

\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u4ece\u536b\u661f\u56fe\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u96c5\u5e93\u5854\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9ad8\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6a21\u6a21\u7cca\u7cca\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u72ed\u957f\u7684\u201c\u7f1d\u9699\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u201c\u7f1d\u9699\u201d\u5374\u8d8a\u53d8\u8d8a\u5bbd\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u201c\u7f1d\u9699\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\u5267\u70c8\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u589e\uff0c\u6e10\u6e10\u957f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u4f3c\u201c\u874c\u86aa\u201d\u7684\u5de8\u6d1e<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u5de8\u6d1e\u4ece1962\u5e74\u52302018\u5e74\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aVictor Makarov and Aleksey Petrov via Murton et al, 2023\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u5230\u4e862023\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u201c\u874c\u86aa\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u67091\u5343\u7c73\u957f\uff0c800\u7c73\u5bbd\uff0c50\u7c73\u6df1<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u201c\u957f\u5927\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5b83\u6269\u589e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u6d1e\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4f8b\u5982\u731b\u72b8\u8c61\u7b49\u66f4\u65b0\u4e16\u4ee5\u6765\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u9aa8\u9abc\u3001\u7259\u9f7f\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u690d\u7269\u79cd\u5b50\u548c\u6606\u866b\u5916\u58f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u5de8\u6d1e\u6709\u8bb8\u7740\u591a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u53eb\u5b83\u201c\u5df4\u5854\u76d6\u5361\u9668\u77f3\u5751\u201d\uff08Batagaika crater\uff0c\u5df4\u5854\u76d6\u5361\u662f\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u540d\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u53eb\u5b83\u201c\u5730\u72f1\u4e4b\u95e8\u201d\uff08gate to hell\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u822a\u62cd\u56fe\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aA. Gabyshev and A. Kizyakov via Murton et al, 2023\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u5f53\u7136\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9668\u77f3\u649e\u51fb\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5de8\u5751\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5df4\u5854\u76d6\u5361\u5de8\u578b\u6ed1\u584c\u201d\uff08Batagay megaslump\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u591a\u5e74\u51bb\u571f\uff08permafrost\uff09\u878d\u5316\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u70ed\u878d\u6ed1\u584c\uff08thaw slumping\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u5f53\u70ed\u878d\u6ed1\u584c\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u8d85\u8fc720\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4f5c\u5de8\u578b\u6ed1\u584c\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5df4\u5854\u76d6\u5361\u5de8\u578b\u6ed1\u584c\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u57282023\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e8687.6\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u70ed\u878d\u6ed1\u584c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u5de8\u6d1e\u4e0e\u4eba\uff08\u6700\u4e0b\u9762\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ea2\u5708\uff09\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aJ. B. Murton via Murton et al, 2023\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u6269\u589e\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u7740\u5730\u7403\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u707e\u96be<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n



\u201c\u5730\u72f1\u4e4b\u95e8\u201d\u7684\u5f00\u542f<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa40\uff5e50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5df4\u5854\u76d6\u5361\u9644\u8fd1\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f10\u6728\u548c\u91c7\u77ff\u6d3b\u52a8\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u6cf0\u52a0\u6797\uff08taiga\uff09\u7684\u690d\u88ab\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5730\u8868\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u4e0b\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u6e10\u6e10\u5730\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u7684\u591a\u5e74\u51bb\u571f\u5f00\u59cb\u878d\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u91c7\u77ff\u8f66\u5c65\u5e26\u7684\u78be\u538b\u4e5f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u51bb\u571f\u878d\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8fdc\u53e4\u52a8\u7269\u5c38\u4f53\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aG. N. Savvinov via Murton et al, 2023\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\u6269\u589e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Murton et al, 2023\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6ed1\u584c\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8620\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u5de8\u578b\u6ed1\u584c\u201d\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4ec5\u662f1991\u5e74\u52302018\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u5c31\u6269\u5927\u4e863\u500d\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8680\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u800c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5bf9\u5730\u9762\u51b0\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u548c\u5761\u9876\u540e\u9000\u901f\u7387\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u5df4\u5854\u76d6\u5361\u5de8\u578b\u6ed1\u584c\u201d\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u4ecd\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u51e0\u5e74\u5230\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n



\u201c\u5730\u72f1\u4e4b\u95e8\u201d\u7edd\u975e\u865a\u540d<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u5df4\u5854\u76d6\u5361\u5de8\u578b\u6ed1\u584c\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u591a\u5e74\u51bb\u571f\u878d\u5316\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u6b63\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u6696<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u66f4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u51bb\u571f\u878d\u5316\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u88ab\u91ca\u653e<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51bb\u571f\u91cc\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u8d28\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u542b\u78b3\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u51bb\u571f\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u673a\u7269\u201c\u5c31\u50cf\u51b0\u7bb1\u91cc\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u53d8\u8d28<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u76f4\u5230\u4f60\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u89e3\u51bb\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u3002\u201d\u6765\u81ea\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u5927\u5b66\uff08University of Alberta\uff09\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u5965\u5c14\u8d39\u5c14\u7279\uff08David Olefeldt\uff09\u8bf4\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u5982\u4eca\u51bb\u571f\u7684\u878d\u5316\uff0c\u4fbf\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u78b3\u6709\u673a\u7269\u88ab\u89e3\u51bb\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u78b3\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u7532\u70f7\u7b49\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5730\u8c8c\u5b66\u300b\uff08Geomorphology<\/em>\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u9065\u611f\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u5206\u6790\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\uff0c\u52302023\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u5df4\u5854\u76d6\u5361\u5de8\u578b\u6ed1\u584c\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u67093470\u4e07\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u7684\u591a\u5e74\u51bb\u571f\u878d\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u91ca\u653e\u4e86169 500\u5428\u6709\u673a\u78b3<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5e744000\u81f35000\u5428<\/strong>\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u91ca\u653e\u6709\u673a\u78b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2022\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u5c14\u8d39\u5c14\u7279\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u5728\u300a\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u5e74\u5ea6\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff08Annual Review of Environment and Resources<\/em>\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u6696\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u591a\u5e74\u51bb\u571f\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u78b3\u542b\u91cf\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u57282\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5185\uff0c\u5230\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u591a\u5e74\u51bb\u571f\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u7532\u70f7\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u91ca\u653e\u51fa550\u4ebf\u5428\u78b3\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u63aa\u65bd\u51cf\u7f13\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u6696\uff0c\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5317\u6781\u5730\u533a\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u78b3\u5c06\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u8fd15\u500d\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea150\u5e74\u524d\u5de5\u4e1a\u5d1b\u8d77\u4ee5\u6765\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5f53\u91cf\u76842\u500d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"
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\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a
https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/ppp.2194
https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0169555X24001338
https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/content\/journals\/10.1146\/annurev-environ-012220-011847
https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature14338
https:\/\/www.ualberta.ca\/en\/folio\/2022\/10\/thawing-country-of-permafrost-likely-to-emit-as-much-greenhouse-gas-as-a-large-industrial-nation.html
https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/giant-hole-siberia-visible-from-space-growing-satellite-images-permafrost-2024-8
https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/reel\/video\/p08lmh4z\/siberia-s-enormous-hole-in-the-ground-is-getting-bigger
https:\/\/eros.usgs.gov\/earthshots\/batagaika-crater-russia
https:\/\/epic.awi.de\/id\/eprint\/32795\/
<\/strong>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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