{"id":2152,"date":"2025-03-24T22:04:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-24T14:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/?p=2152"},"modified":"2025-03-25T16:43:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T08:43:15","slug":"%e7%83%ad%e6%b0%b4%e5%92%8c%e5%86%b7%e6%b0%b4%e4%b8%80%e8%b5%b7%e6%94%be%e8%bf%9b%e5%86%b0%e7%ae%b1%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e7%83%ad%e6%b0%b4%e8%83%bd%e5%85%88%e7%bb%93%e5%86%b0%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/?p=2152","title":{"rendered":"\u70ed\u6c34\u548c\u51b7\u6c34\u4e00\u8d77\u653e\u8fdb\u51b0\u7bb1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u70ed\u6c34\u80fd\u5148\u7ed3\u51b0\uff1f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6709\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u8bc1\u660e"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aPixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\u70ed\u6c34\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5148\u7ed3\u51b0\uff0c\u4f46\u70ed\u6c34\u5148\u7ed3\u51b0\u4e5f\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/section>\n\n\n\n
\u64b0\u6587 | \u738b\u6631
\u5ba1\u6821 | \u4e0d\u5468

<\/strong>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u676f\u70ed\u6c34\u4e00\u676f\u51b7\u6c34\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9664\u4e86\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u628a\u4e24\u676f\u6c34\u540c\u65f6\u653e\u8fdb\u51b0\u7bb1\uff0c\u8c01\u4f1a\u5148\u7ed3\u51b0\uff1f\u5e38\u8bc6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u51b7\u6c34\u5148\u7ed3\u51b0\uff0c\u4f461963\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5c11\u5e74\u57c3\u62c9\u65af\u6258\u00b7\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\uff08Erasto Mpemba\uff09\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u548c\u540c\u5b66\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u505a\u51b0\u6fc0\u51cc\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5411\u70ed\u725b\u5976\u4e2d\u52a0\u7cd6\uff0c\u5f85\u725b\u5976\u51b7\u5374\u5230\u5ba4\u6e29\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u653e\u5230\u51b0\u7bb1\u91cc\u51bb\u6210\u51b0\u6fc0\u6dcb\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u51b0\u7bb1\u6709\u70b9\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u62a2\u5360\u6709\u9650\u7684\u51b0\u7bb1\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u521a\u716e\u597d\u7684\u70ed\u725b\u5976\u653e\u5230\u4e86\u51b0\u7bb1\u91cc\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u7684\u70ed\u725b\u5976\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u51bb\u6210\u4e86\u51b0\u6fc0\u51cc\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u7684\u5ba4\u6e29\u725b\u5976\u5374\u4ecd\u662f\u6d53\u7a20\u5976\u6d46\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u4fbf\u53bb\u8be2\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u5374\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5f04\u9519\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u5965\u65af\u672c\uff08Denis Osborne\uff09\u5230\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u65c1\u542c\u7269\u7406\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u4fbf\u5411\u4ed6\u8be2\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5965\u65af\u672c\u8d77\u521d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002\u9053\u7406\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u676f\u521d\u59cb\u6e29\u5ea6\u662f70\u2103\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u676f30\u2103\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u653e\u8fdb\u51b0\u7bb1\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f30\u2103\u7684\u6c34\u5148\u7ed3\u51b0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a70\u2103\u7684\u6c34\u8981\u60f3\u7ed3\u51b0\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5148\u51b7\u5374\u523030\u2103\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u676f\u6c34\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f30\u2103<\/strong>\uff0c70\u2103\u7684\u6c34\u7ed3\u51b0\u80af\u5b9a\u8981\u591a\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ece70\u2103\u51b7\u5374\u523030\u2103\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u51fa\u4e8e\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u5965\u65af\u672c\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u9707\u60ca\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u70ed\u6c34\u6709\u65f6\u7684\u786e\u6bd4\u51b7\u6c34\u66f4\u5feb\u7ed3\u51b0\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u9080\u8bf7\u4e86\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u5230\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u5927\u5b66\uff08University of Dares Salaam\uff09\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff08Mpemba effect\uff09\u30021969\u5e74\uff0c\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u548c\u5965\u65af\u672c\u5728\u300a\u7269\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u300b<\/a>\uff08Physics Education<\/em>\uff09\u4e0a\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u70ed\u6c34\u6bd4\u51b7\u6c34\u84b8\u53d1\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u4f53\u79ef\u4f1a\u6bd4\u51b7\u6c34\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u7ed3\u51b0\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u51b7\u6c34\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u51b0\u70b9\u4e5f\u66f4\u4f4e\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5916\u754c\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u51b0\u7bb1\u51b7\u51bb\u5ba4\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u94fa\u7740\u4e00\u5c42\u51b0\u971c\u2026\u2026\u70ed\u6c34\u4f1a\u7194\u5316\u8fd9\u5c42\u51b0\u971c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u901f\u6c34\u4e0e\u51b0\u7bb1\u7684\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n



\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u2014\u2014\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5373\u70ed\u6c34\u7684\u786e\u6bd4\u51b7\u6c34\u66f4\u5feb\u7ed3\u51b0\u3002\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u62ff\u4e00\u676f\u70ed\u6c34\u548c\u4e00\u676f\u51b7\u6c34\u653e\u8fdb\u51b0\u7bb1\uff0c\u770b\u8c01\u5148\u51bb\u6210\u51b0\u5757\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u6982\u7387\u590d\u73b0\u4e0d\u51fa\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u548c\u5965\u65af\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u59cb\u7ec8\u65e0\u6cd5\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aPixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

2016\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b66\u9662\uff08Imperial College London\uff09\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u4f2f\u91cc\u5947\uff08Henry Burridge\uff09\u548c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\uff08University of Cambridge\uff09\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u6797\u767b\uff08Paul Linden\uff09\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u89c2\u6d4b\u51bb\u7ed3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f2f\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u6797\u767b\u8f6c\u800c\u6d4b\u91cf\u6c34\u6e29\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u6e29\u5ea6\u964d\u81f30\u2103\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u60ca\u8bb6\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u51b7\u70ed\u6c34\u95f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u54ea\u6015\u67091\u5398\u7c73\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u201c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u201d\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f2f\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u6797\u767b\u7684\u8fd9\u9879\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u636e\u6b64\u65ad\u5b9a\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u4e00\u676f\u6c34\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u51b7\u5374\u964d\u6e29\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u676f\u6e29\u5ea6\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u52a8\u80fd\u603b\u662f\u9075\u4ece\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u6e29\u5ea6\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6001\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5206\u5b50\u5904\u5728\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u518d\u5904\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u70ed\u6c34\u5728\u51b0\u7bb1\u4e2d\u6025\u901f\u51b7\u5374\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u5757\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u51b0\u5757\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u540d\u8bcd\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u5f1b\u8c6b\uff08relaxation\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u56de\u843d\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff08\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u51b7\u5374\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u52a0\u70ed\uff09\u3002\u201cRelaxation\u201d\uff08\u53c8\u8bd1\u4f5c\u653e\u677e\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u975e\u5e38\u5947\u5999\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6307\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\u6001\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u8fd8\u5728\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bf4\uff0c\u653e\u8f7b\u677e\uff0c\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u4e86<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u54ea\u6015\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u90fd\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e29\u5ea6\u53ea\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u4e0b\u7c92\u5b50\u6574\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u65e0\u5e8f\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6025\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u65b9\u7a0b\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u597d\u5728\uff0c\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u6b63\u5728\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u63a5\u8fd1\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n



\u865a\u5b9e\u6a21\u62df<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2017\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5317\u5361\u7f57\u6765\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\uff08University of North Carolina\uff09\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u5362\u81f3\u60a6\uff08Zhiyue Lu\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u520a\u300b<\/a>\uff08PNAS<\/em>\uff09\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u7c92\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u9006\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u51b7\u6c34\u6bd4\u70ed\u6c34\u66f4\u5feb\u5347\u6e29\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8f83\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u591a\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u6761\u201c\u6377\u5f84\u201d\uff1a\u5728\u51b7\u5374\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u6377\u5f84\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u51b7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u62b5\u8fbe\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u800c2020\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b<\/a>\uff08Nature<\/em>\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5219\u7528\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7a33\u5b9a\u590d\u73b0\u4e86\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u6fc0\u5149\u5728\u6c34\u9762\u4e0a\u5236\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aW\u5f62\u7684\u4e00\u7ef4\u52bf\u9631\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7528\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u73e0\u5728\u6c34\u9762\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u91cd\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6309\u52bf\u9631\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002W\u5f62\u4e2d\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u8c37\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e73\u8861\u6001\uff1b\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u6d45\u7684\u8c37\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u7ec8\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u8f83\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u843d\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u843d\u5165\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u5c71\u8c37\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aMerrill Sherman\/Quanta Magazine<\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73bb\u7483\u73e0\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u4e00\u7ef4\u52bf\u9631\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u4e00\u5343\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u540e\uff0c\u53e0\u52a0\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u5343\u6b21\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5343\u4e2a\u5355\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u73bb\u7483\u73e0\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u52bf\u9631\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u521d\u59cb\u8f83\u70ed\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u8574\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u80fd\u66f4\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5730\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u666f\u8c8c\u4e2d\u56db\u5904\u6e38\u8d70\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u800c\u6a21\u62df\u8f83\u51b7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u628a\u73bb\u7483\u73e0\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9650\u5236\u5728\u9760\u8fd1\u6df1\u8c37\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u6a21\u62df\u51b7\u5374\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u73bb\u7483\u73e0\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u6c89\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c37\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u5728\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u6270\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u73bb\u7483\u73e0\u4f1a\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u8c37\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u8df3\u8dc3\u3002\u5f53\u73bb\u7483\u73e0\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8c37\u505c\u7559\u65f6\u957f\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7a33\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u5b9a\u5b83\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u51b7\u5374\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u73bb\u7483\u73e0\u6240\u5904\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6c34\u6e29\u4ee5\u53ca\u52bf\u9631\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5224\u5b9a\u51b7\u5374\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u716720%\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u843d\u5165\u4e9a\u7a33\u6001\u548c80%\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u843d\u5165\u7a33\u5b9a\u6001\u6765\u5224\u5b9a\u8be5\u7c92\u5b50\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u51b7\u5374\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u6bd4\u51b7\u7cfb\u7edf\u51b7\u5374\u66f4\u6162\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4f1a\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u6c89\u5165\u8c37\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u6574\u5f97\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u65f6\uff0c\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u7acb\u523b\u8fbe\u5230\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u51b7\u5374\u5b8c\u6210\u6001\uff0c\u6bd4\u51b7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u5f97\u591a<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u65e9\u5df2\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u5f3a\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n



\u666e\u904d\u8bc1\u660e<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e2\u7136\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u590d\u73b0\u4e86\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bc1\u660e\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f1b\u8c6b\u65f6\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u201c\u65e0\u7a77\u957f\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u70b9\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u6d01\u7656\u201d\u3001\u504f\u597d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u666e\u9002\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u4eca\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u7269\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\u5feb\u62a5\u300b<\/a>\uff08Physical Review Letters<\/em>\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4fbf\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u8d85\u7406\u8bba\uff08majorization theory\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5c0f\u7f16\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u67e5\u5230majorization\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u201c\u4f18\u5316\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e3b\u5e8f\u201d\u7b49\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0cmajorization\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5411\u91cfA\u3001B\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u503c\u6309\u964d\u5e8f\uff08\u6216\u5347\u5e8f\uff09\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5411\u91cfA\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u603b\u5927\u4e8eB\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u5411\u91cfA\u4f18\u8d85\u4e8e\u5411\u91cfB\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5411\u91cf\uff081\uff0c5\uff09\u4f18\u8d85\u4e8e\uff080\uff0c4\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a1>0\u4e145>4\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5411\u91cf\uff081\uff0c5\uff09\u8fd8\u4f18\u8d85\u4e8e\uff084\uff0c0\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3amajorization\u6bd4\u8f83\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5411\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aPixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u5229\u7528majorization\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c31\u662fMM\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08Majorization-Minimization algorithm\uff09\u3002\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u671f\u671b\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08EM algorithm\uff09\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662fMM\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002MM\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u5728\u672c\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u70ed\u4f18\u8d85\u7406\u8bba\uff08thermomajorization theory\uff09\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4f18\u8d85\u7406\u8bba\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u70ed\u4f18\u8d85\u7406\u8bba\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5411\u91cf\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u76f8\u5bf9\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u504f\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u70ed\u4f18\u8d85\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5355\u8c03\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e29\u6696\u548c\u708e\u70ed\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u8981\u51b7\u5374\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u6e29\u6696\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u5206\u5e03\u70ed\u4f18\u8d85\u4e8e\u708e\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u5206\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6839\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bc1\u660e\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u4f53\u9a8c\u5c0f\u7f16\u5c31\u4e0d\u653e\u4e0a\u6765\u4e86\uff08\u6211\u624d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u662f\u6211\u6ca1\u770b\u61c2\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u300a\u7269\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\u5feb\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u6b63\u6587\u53ea\u67095\u9875\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u53ea\u67093\u9875\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u800c\u5b83\u5374\u6709\u6574\u65748\u9875\u7684\u9644\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u5806\u6ee1\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u3002\u5c0f\u7f16\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u662f\u5927\u81f4\u590d\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\u8bba\u6587\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ec8\u4e8e\u80fd\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5f7b\u5e95\u8bc1\u660e\u59c6\u6f58\u5df4\u6548\u5e94\u4e86\u3002\u70ed\u6c34\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u80fd\u6bd4\u51b7\u6c34\u66f4\u5feb\u7ed3\u51b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8bba\u6587\uff1a
https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9120\/4\/3\/312
https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1073\/pnas.2118484119
https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2560-x
https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.134.107101

\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a
https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/lN30cNJjhRbvC8Uzr69VvQ
https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/BoGfkfl4xRFzo0WEk38IuQ
https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/does-hot-water-freeze-faster-than-cold-physicists-keep-asking-20220629\/
https:\/\/palomar.home.ece.ust.hk\/papers\/2011\/WangPalomar_CRCPress2011_majorization.pdf
<\/strong>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u53ef\u6076\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,8],"tags":[267],"class_list":["post-2152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-space-physics","category-lead","tag-267"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2152"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2157,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2152\/revisions\/2157"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}