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\"\"
\u5f15\u53d1\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u8036\u5c14\u68ee\u83cc \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aNIAID\/NIH<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\u5e78\u597d\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002<\/section>\n\n\n\n
\u64b0\u6587 | clefable
\u5ba1\u6821 | \u9ec4\u96e8\u4f73

<\/strong>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7740\u201c\u8fdc\u5927\u62b1\u8d1f\u201d\u7684\u75c5\u83cc\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u5173\u952e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u3002\u9f20\u75ab\u8036\u5c14\u68ee\u83cc<\/strong>\uff08Yersinia pestis<\/em>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u5bc4\u751f\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u5bc4\u751f\u4e8e\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u9f20\u7c7b\u7684\u8df3\u86a4\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u64c5\u957f\u5229\u7528\u8df3\u86a4\u5728\u9f20\u7c7b\u548c\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"
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\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u83cc\u4ece\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u9ad8\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u6bd2\u682a\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u8ddd\u4eca3800\u5e74\u524d<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u83cc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u665a\u5f97\u591a\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u76f4\u5230\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u60e8\u75db\u7684\u67e5\u58eb\u4e01\u5c3c\u9f20\u75ab\uff08Plague of Justinian\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9f20\u75ab\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff09\u548c\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\uff08\u5373\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9f20\u75ab\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u9f20\u75ab\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u624d\u5f97\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5143\u51f6\u90fd\u662f\u9f20\u75ab\u8036\u5c14\u68ee\u83cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n



3\u6b21\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7684\u5927\u6d41\u884c<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u9f20\u75ab\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e1855\u5e74\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u662f\u6e05\u671d\u7684\u54b8\u4e30\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u5728\u4e91\u5357\u5730\u533a\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u6269\u6563\u30021894\u5e74\uff0c\u5e7f\u5dde\u66b4\u53d1\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ea68\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u9999\u6e2f\u53c8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u75ab\u60c5<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6d41\u611f\u7b49\u901a\u5e38\u77ed\u65f6\u671f\u66b4\u53d1\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u6b64\u6d88\u6563\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u6301\u7eed\u66b4\u53d1\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u9999\u6e2f\u5730\u533a\u8d852\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u53c8\u968f\u7740\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5168\u7403\u822a\u7ebf\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6700\u4e3a\u60e8\u91cd\uff0c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe\u3001\u521a\u679c\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u8499\u53e4\u7b49\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8fd9\u6b21\u5927\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u9057\u7559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u6837\u662f\u57281894\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5317\u91cc\u67f4\u4e09\u90ce\u548c\u745e\u58eb\u88d4\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u8036\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Alexandre Yersin\uff09\u5206\u522b\u5230\u9999\u6e2f\u91c7\u96c6\u4e86\u75c5\u7406\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u9f20\u75ab\u7531\u9f20\u75ab\u8036\u5c14\u68ee\u83cc\u5f15\u53d1\u30024\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u4fdd\u7f57-\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u5fb7\uff08Paul-Louis Simond\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\u9f20\u75ab\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u4ece\u8001\u9f20\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5728\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u8001\u9f20\u4f53\u8868\u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u5ba2\u86a4\uff08<\/strong>Xenopsylla cheopis<\/em><\/strong>\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u9f20\u75ab\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u66b4\u53d1\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6700\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5927\u3001\u536b\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u5dee\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8001\u9f20\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u6ca1\u7684\u8857\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5728\u8001\u9f20\u5feb\u8981\u6b7b\u7edd\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u8036\u5c14\u68ee\u83cc\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u9f20\u75ab\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u201d\uff08the Black Death\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u8c61\u5f81\uff1a\u201c\u9ed1\u8272\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u201d\u5219\u6df1\u523b\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u6025\u6027\u81f4\u6b7b\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u906d\u9047\u3002\u8d25\u8840\u75c7\u578b\u9f20\u75ab<\/strong>\uff08Septicemic plague\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u76843\u79cd\u611f\u67d3\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f25\u6f2b\u6027\u5185\u8840\u7ba1\u51dd\u8840\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u53e3\u8154\u3001\u9f3b\u5b50\u548c\u80a0\u9053\u51fa\u8840\uff0c\u76ae\u4e0b\u51fa\u8840\uff0c\u56db\u80a2\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u574f\u6b7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56db\u80a2\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u9ed1\u6591\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1100%<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u60a3\u8005\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u662f\u817a\u9f20\u75ab\u6216\u80ba\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u67d3\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u2014\u2014\u75c5\u83cc\u76f4\u63a5\u51b2\u7834\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\u548c\u80ba\u90e8\u7684\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u8fdb\u5165\u8840\u6db2\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5feb\u901f\u5f15\u53d1\u8d25\u8840\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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1943\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u827e\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6c99\u8328\uff08Albert Schatz\uff09\u548c\u585e\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u74e6\u514b\u65af\u66fc\uff08Selman Waksman\uff09\u4ece\u7070\u8272\u94fe\u9709\u83cc\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u4e86\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u9996\u4e2a\u6cbb\u7597\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u5bf93\u79cd\u9f20\u75ab\u611f\u67d3\u7c7b\u578b\u5747\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53c8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u622a\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u9f20\u75ab\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4f59\u70ec\u4ecd\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd8\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u4e3a\u524d\u6cbf\u7684DNA\u75ab\u82d7\u548c\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f7d\u4f53\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a
https:\/\/www.pasteur.fr\/en\/press-area\/press-documents\/plague-bacillus-became-less-virulent-prolonging-duration-two-major-pandemics
https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms8487
https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plague_of_Justinian
https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Black-Death
https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/plague
https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Death
https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/plague
https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/news-releases\/1085102
https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adt3880
<\/strong>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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