{"id":4819,"date":"2026-10-16T21:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/?p=4819"},"modified":"2026-10-16T23:28:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T15:28:01","slug":"%e6%ac%a7%e6%b4%b2%e8%88%b9%e5%8f%aa%e5%88%b0%e6%9d%a5%e5%90%8e%ef%bc%8c%e8%bf%99%e7%89%87%e5%a4%a7%e9%99%8670%e5%b9%b4%e5%a4%b1%e5%8e%bb%e4%ba%8693%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8f%e4%ba%ba%e5%8f%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/?p=4819","title":{"rendered":"\u6b27\u6d32\u8239\u53ea\u5230\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u7247\u5927\u964670\u5e74\u5931\u53bb\u4e8693%\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u4eba\u53e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- wechat-archive:post:aca58516b46fdff2f048863c2a49b6d43939f701565c27fd3ba78c2e0a5fe5b4:77392f8f06354057900c69d7745a8222 -->\n<figure class=\"hq-figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4820\" height=\"400\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/48f0261bff9d5f691e60055fbf6fa76b4149bdb5f68fea2ac9e22ee2217354d4.jpg\" width=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/48f0261bff9d5f691e60055fbf6fa76b4149bdb5f68fea2ac9e22ee2217354d4.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/48f0261bff9d5f691e60055fbf6fa76b4149bdb5f68fea2ac9e22ee2217354d4-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6301\u77db\u53c9\u9c7c\u5e76\u6f5c\u6c34\u6536\u96c6\u8d1d\u7c7b\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a1817 by Joseph Lycett (1775\u20131828).National Library of Australia,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY<\/a>\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><p class=\"hq-byline\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">\u64b0\u6587 | \u4e8c\u4e03<\/p><p class=\"hq-byline\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">\u5ba1\u6821 | clefable<\/p><p>1770\u5e748\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u201c\u594b\u8fdb\u53f7\u201d\uff08HMB Endeavour\uff09\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u5927\u5821\u7901\u8ff7\u5bab\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6697\u7901\uff0c\u8239\u957f\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5e93\u514b\uff08James Cook\uff09\u5e26\u7740\u4e00\u5c0f\u961f\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eb2\u81ea\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5360\u9886\u5c9b\uff08Possession Island\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u5e93\u514b\u5728\u5f53\u5929\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u5c9b\u4e0a\u539f\u672c\u6709\u201c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624b\u6301\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4eba\u8fd8\u62ff\u7740\u5f13\u548c\u4e00\u6346\u7bad\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e58\u8239\u9760\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u6d77\u5cb8\u8fb9\u3002\u5e93\u514b\u968f\u540e\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u5c9b\u5185\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5904\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5347\u8d77<strong>\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u65d7<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fd\u738b\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u5ba3\u5e03\u5360\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u8003\u5bdf\u8fc7\u7684<strong>\u6574\u7247\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u201d\u3002<\/p><p>\u8fd9\u573a\u4eea\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\u30021788\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u4e0a\u5c09\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u83f2\u5229\u666e\uff08Arthur Phillip\uff09\u5e26\u9886<strong>\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8230\u961f\u201d<\/strong>\u9a76\u5165\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5dde\u690d\u7269\u6e7e\uff08Botany Bay\uff09\uff0c\u8239\u4e0a\u8fd8\u642d\u8f7d\u7740700\u591a\u540d\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u8239\u5458\u548c\u56da\u72af\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u6234\u8499\u5fb7\uff08Richard Diamond\uff09\u6240\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u201c<strong>\u67aa\u70ae\u3001\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e0e\u94a2\u94c1<\/strong>\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8230\u961f\u6c38\u8fdc\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u5265\u524a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5929\u82b1\u548c\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u7b49\u81f4\u547d\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"hq-figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4821\" height=\"752\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/95121d4493a59bede45e2492f31b11827ac9e20bfbf2cd3f2ad1310b5203a585.jpg\" width=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/95121d4493a59bede45e2492f31b11827ac9e20bfbf2cd3f2ad1310b5203a585.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/95121d4493a59bede45e2492f31b11827ac9e20bfbf2cd3f2ad1310b5203a585-239x300.jpg 239w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">\u5e93\u514b\u8239\u957f\u8096\u50cf\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aNathaniel Dance-Holland &#8211; from the National Maritime Museum, United Kingdom, Public Domain\/wikipedia\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6b96\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\u7ed9\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u591a\u5927\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5230\u6765\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u66fe\u751f\u6d3b\u7740\u591a\u5c11\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3002<\/p><p>\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u00b7\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u300b\uff08<em>Nature Human Behaviour<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u505a\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff1a1788\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u53ef\u80fd\u66fe\u8fbe\u5230220\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u52301861\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4f30\u8ba1\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e0d\u8db320\u4e07\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u77ed\u77ed70\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c<strong>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5931\u53bb\u4e8693%\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11<\/strong>\u3002<\/p><p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px; text-decoration: overline; caret-color: rgb(8,124,186); color: rgb(8,124,186);\"><strong><br\/><br\/>\u9762\u5bf9\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p><p>\u201c\u786e\u5b9a\u6b96\u6c11\u524d\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6311\u6218\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u201d\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u8981\u8003\u8651\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u8fb9\u5883\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201d\u5c31\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8230\u961f\u62b5\u8fbe\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5929\u82b1\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u3002\u5efa\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\u66fe\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u75ab\u60c5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u591a\u8fbe<strong>22\u4e07\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6b7b\u4ea1<\/strong>\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c1826-1838\u5e74\u548c1860-1869\u5e74\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5929\u82b1\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u8fd8\u6709\u9ebb\u75b9\u3001\u6d41\u611f\u548c\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75ab\u60c5\u6ca1\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u5404\u5730\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c<strong>\u6b96\u6c11\u6269\u5f20\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6740\u622e\u548c\u66b4\u529b<\/strong>\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\u6545\u571f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u88ab\u62c6\u6563\uff0c\u88ab\u5f3a\u8feb\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u98df\u7269\u3002\u539f\u672c\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5d29\u79bb\u6790\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5c60\u6740\u2014\u2014\u5728\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u8fb9\u5883\u5c60\u6740\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u201d\uff08Colonial Frontier Massacres database\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u5c60\u6740\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u6709\u6570\u767e\u8d77\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"hq-figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4822\" height=\"397\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ab010de6b85d3a67fdcc622a3f458b19007afb0f7a0f537287ef91fb5e3b0dbd.jpg\" width=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ab010de6b85d3a67fdcc622a3f458b19007afb0f7a0f537287ef91fb5e3b0dbd.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ab010de6b85d3a67fdcc622a3f458b19007afb0f7a0f537287ef91fb5e3b0dbd-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/landscape-photo-of-trees-on-under-cloudy-sky-ljw8U2wypKY\">Unsplash<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u00b7\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u300b\u7684\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4f30\u8ba1\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u62c9\u5fb7\u514b\u5229\u592b-\u5e03\u6717\uff08Alfred Radcliffe-Brown\uff09\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5404\u5730\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u572825\u4e07~30\u4e07\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6bcf30.8\u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c731\u4eba\u3002<\/p><p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u62c9\u5fb7\u514b\u5229\u592b-\u5e03\u6717\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5927\u591a\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5df2\u7ecf\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u571f\u5730\u4e27\u5931\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u62c9\u5fb7\u514b\u5229\u592b-\u5e03\u6717\u5728\u64b0\u6587\u65f6\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u6700\u540e\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u51fa\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u201c<strong>\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5927\u6982\u7387\u201d\u8d85\u8fc730\u4e07<\/strong>\u3002<\/p><p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px; text-decoration: overline; caret-color: rgb(8,124,186); color: rgb(8,124,186);\"><strong><br\/><br\/>\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u6570\u5b57<\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p><p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u91c7\u7528\u4e86<strong>\u4e09\u7ec4\u5f7c\u6b64\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u78b3\u6d4b\u5e74\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6d4b\u5b9a\u4e86\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5404\u5730\u8003\u53e4\u9057\u5740\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u70f9\u996a\u7684\u5751\u3001\u5893\u846c\u3001\u8d1d\u4e18\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6728\u70ad\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u9057\u5740\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6d4b\u4e94\u4e07\u5e74\u6765\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p><p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u81ea<strong>\u9057\u4f20\u5b66<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7e41\u6b96\u5e76\u628a\u57fa\u56e0\u4f20\u7ed9\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5c31\u8d8a\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5176\u4e2d<strong>\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u7a81\u53d8<\/strong>\uff0c\u6765\u53cd\u63a8\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u7e41\u6b96\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"hq-figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4823\" height=\"479\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/9f8f6ade0f3ecf4c9b936b7b07503b0eb3184478d3259a24f3d2dae6b7110132.jpg\" width=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/9f8f6ade0f3ecf4c9b936b7b07503b0eb3184478d3259a24f3d2dae6b7110132.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/9f8f6ade0f3ecf4c9b936b7b07503b0eb3184478d3259a24f3d2dae6b7110132-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/a-broken-down-building-in-a-field-t3-LQEehgIg\">Unsplash<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u8bc1\u636e\u5219\u662f<strong>\u73af\u5883\u627f\u8f7d\u529b<\/strong>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6839\u636e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u690d\u7269\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u4f30\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u7b97\u5404\u5730\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u671f\u4f9b\u517b\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u4e24\u5957\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u522b\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u7ea6156\u4e07\u548c\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea6522\u4e07\u7684\u4f30\u7b97\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5317\u90e8\u7a00\u6811\u8349\u539f\u3001\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u6cbf\u6d77\u4ee5\u53ca\u5854\u65af\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5c9b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff1b\u5e72\u65f1\u5185\u9646\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5219\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/p><p>\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c06\u8003\u53e4\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u73af\u5883\u627f\u8f7d\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5230\u6765\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u662f222\u4e07\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u5e73\u65b9\u5343\u7c730.29\u4eba\uff0c75%\u7684\u7f6e\u4fe1\u533a\u95f4\u7ea6\u4e3a95\u4e07\u81f3417\u4e07\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u53bb\u6389\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u4f30\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ecd\u7136\u5728203\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e4b\u524d<strong>\u4f30\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8fd1\u5341\u500d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p><p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px; text-decoration: overline; caret-color: rgb(8,124,186); color: rgb(8,124,186);\"><strong><br\/><br\/>\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p><p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5dee\u989d\u3002\u57281971\u5e74\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u8fdb\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6574\u4eba\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u57281861\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u4f30\u8ba1\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e8617.7\u4e07~19.3\u4e07\u3002\u8003\u8651\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\uff0c\u57281788-1861\u5e74\u768473\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c<strong>\u603b\u8ba1\u6709206\u4e07\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8d85\u989d\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ea7\u751f28 200\u4eba\u8d85\u989d\u6b7b\u4ea1<\/strong>\u3002\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11<strong>\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u524d\u4eba\u53e3\u76847%<\/strong>\u3002<\/p><p>206 \u4e07\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u4f30\u7b97\u7684\u603b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u5927\u7ea6\u5728 70 \u4e07\u5230 420 \u4e07\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u6700\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5408\u7406\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u751f\u547d\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"hq-figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4824\" height=\"407\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3ad41ec7b660206544b192cf0e53423c2926ba3e1d4e6682593103663aca31d9.jpg\" width=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3ad41ec7b660206544b192cf0e53423c2926ba3e1d4e6682593103663aca31d9.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3ad41ec7b660206544b192cf0e53423c2926ba3e1d4e6682593103663aca31d9-300x204.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">1788-2021\u5e74\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u4f30\u8ba1\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u84dd\u8272\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7c89\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u4e09\u6b21\u5929\u82b1\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u975e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u4ee5\u7ea2\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u3002\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u539f\u8bba\u6587\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec<strong>\u8fd8\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u533a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4f20\u627f<\/strong>\u3002\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u571f\u5730\u5e76\u79f0\u4e0d\u4e0a\u9002\u5b9c\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e24\u767e\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\u66fe\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5b63\u8282\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u7528\u706b\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7f51\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u95f4\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u201c\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u201d\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u65b0\u95fb\u7a3f\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c \u201c\u5c06\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7531\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u201d<\/p><p>\u5728\u65b0\u95fb\u7a3f\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u6bb5<strong>\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u201c\uff08\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\uff09\u5b58\u7eed\u662f\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201d\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u4f20\u627f\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u201c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u771f\u76f8\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u201d\u5176\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8bb2\u8ff0\u771f\u76f8\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u627f\u8ba4\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u533a\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u575a\u97e7\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u201d<\/p><div class=\"hq-references\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; overflow-wrap: anywhere;\"><p class=\"hq-reference-title\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-weight: normal;\">\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/p><p class=\"hq-caption\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41562-026-02571-9\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41562-026-02571-9<\/a><\/p><p class=\"hq-caption\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unsw.edu.au\/newsroom\/news\/2026\/09\/more-than-2-million-indigenous-people-Australia-1788\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">https:\/\/www.unsw.edu.au\/newsroom\/news\/2026\/09\/more-than-2-million-indigenous-people-Australia-1788<\/a><\/p><p class=\"hq-caption\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nma.gov.au\/defining-moments\/resources\/convict-cargo\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">https:\/\/www.nma.gov.au\/defining-moments\/resources\/convict-cargo<\/a><\/p><p class=\"hq-caption\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nma.gov.au\/defining-moments\/resources\/cook-claims-australia\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">https:\/\/www.nma.gov.au\/defining-moments\/resources\/cook-claims-australia<\/a><\/p><p class=\"hq-caption\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/paulturnbull.org\/project\/southseas\/journals\/cook\/17700822.html\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">https:\/\/paulturnbull.org\/project\/southseas\/journals\/cook\/17700822.html<\/a><\/p><p class=\"hq-caption\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/australias-colonisation-was-no-accident-say-the-numbers-13730\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/australias-colonisation-was-no-accident-say-the-numbers-13730<\/a><\/p><p class=\"hq-caption\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/news-releases\/1143782\" style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/news-releases\/1143782<\/a><\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1788\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u53ef\u80fd\u66fe\u8fbe\u5230220\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u52301861\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4f30\u8ba1\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e0d\u8db320\u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4825,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","category-lead"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4819"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4827,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4819\/revisions\/4827"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}