{"id":499,"date":"2024-01-28T21:40:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-28T13:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/?p=499"},"modified":"2024-02-02T17:12:55","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T09:12:55","slug":"%e5%96%9d%e4%b8%8b%e8%bf%99%e9%87%8c%e7%9a%84%e6%b0%b4%e4%bc%9a%e8%ae%a9%e4%bd%a0%e7%94%9f%e7%97%85%e7%94%9a%e8%87%b3%e6%ad%bb%e4%ba%a1%ef%bc%8c%e4%bd%86%e4%bb%96%e4%bb%ac%e5%b0%86%e7%9c%9f%e7%9b%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.huanqiukexue.com\/?p=499","title":{"rendered":"\u559d\u4e0b\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6c34\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u751f\u75c5\u751a\u81f3\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u771f\u76f8\u9690\u7792\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1apixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\u201c\u6211\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c34\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6211\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u7578\u5f62\u513f\u3002\u201d\u5df4\u57fa\u00b7\u8d1d\u5229\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n
\u64b0\u6587 | \u738b\u6021\u535a
\u5ba1\u6821 | clefable

<\/strong>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u56fd3M\u516c\u53f8\u2014\u2014\u539f\u540d\u660e\u5c3c\u82cf\u8fbe\u77ff\u4e1a\u53ca\u5236\u9020\u516c\u53f8\uff08Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company\uff09\u4e8e1948\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5236\u9020\u542b\u6c1f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u6c1f\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3aPFOA\uff08\u5168\u6c1f\u8f9b\u9178\uff0cPerfluorooctanoic acid\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u6781\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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40\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c3M\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5411\u675c\u90a6\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u552ePFOA<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u5f00\u59cb\u751f\u4ea7\u5168\u6c1f\u8f9b\u70f7\u78fa\u9178\uff08Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0PFOS\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u540d\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cPFOS\u4e0ePFOA\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u5168\u6c1f\u548c\u591a\u6c1f\u70f7\u57fa\u7269\u8d28\uff08per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0PFAS\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u542b\u6c1f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u975e\u5e38\u72ec\u7279\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u9632\u6c34\u3001\u9632\u6cb9\u3001\u8010\u70ed\u548c\u8010\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680\u7b49\u4f18\u5f02\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u51fa\u6240\u6599\uff0cPFOS\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u88c5\u3001\u5ba4\u5185\u88c5\u6f62\u548c\u6d88\u9632\u6ce1\u6cab\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u98df\u54c1\u5305\u88c5\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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PFAS\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aKreuz Elf, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u4fbf\u5229\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u5371\u9669\u2014\u2014\u5728\u675c\u90a6\u516c\u53f8\u79d8\u5bc6\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a\u201cC-8\u201d\u7684PFOA\u548cPFOS\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6709\u6bd2\u7269\u8d28\uff08C-8 is the devil we know\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n



\u9690\u7792\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48<\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5206\u6821\uff08UCSF\uff09\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u53d1\u8868\u4e8eAnnals of Global Health<\/em>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u675c\u90a6\u548c3M\u516c\u53f8\u672a\u66fe\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u4e3a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9PFAS\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u76d1\u7ba1\u5ba1\u67e5\u6240\u7528\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u675c\u90a6\u548c3M\u516c\u53f8\u65e9\u5c31\u6709\u5173\u4e8ePFAS\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5bf9\u5916\u9690\u7792\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u5e74<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d8\u5bc6\u884c\u4e1a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f8b\u5e08\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6bd4\u6d1b\u7279\uff08Robert Bilott\uff09\u6350\u8d60\u7ed9UCSF\u76f8\u5e94\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u6d1b\u7279\u66fe\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u66ff\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u5e15\u514b\u65af\u5821\u5e02\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u4e3a\u5a01\u5c14\u4f2f\u00b7\u5766\u5357\u7279\uff08Wilbur Tennant\uff09\u7684\u519c\u6c11\uff0c\u5c31PFAS\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u5bf9\u675c\u90a6\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728C-8\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\u7684\u8fd140\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8868\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6709\u5173PFAS\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c48\u6307\u53ef\u6570\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9PFAS\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u4e5f\u6240\u77e5\u751a\u5c11\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u675c\u90a6\u548c3M\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e00\u76f4\u79d8\u5bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u7279\u6c1f\u9f99\u80f6\u5e26\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aMdeVicente, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u65e9\u57281961\u5e74\uff0c\u675c\u90a6\u8d1f\u8d23\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u6c1f\u9f99\u6bd2\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u7279\u6c1f\u9f99\u6750\u6599\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4f4e\u5242\u91cf\u4e0b\u589e\u52a0\u5927\u9f20\u809d\u810f\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\u201d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u201c\u6781\u5176\u5c0f\u5fc3\u201d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u5e94\u4e25\u683c\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u76ae\u80a4\u63a5\u89e6\u201d\u3002\u9664\u5668\u5b98\u80bf\u5927\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86PFAS\u5bfc\u81f4\u52a8\u7269\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u636e\u675c\u90a61970\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5185\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u675c\u90a6\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u54c8\u65af\u514b\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08Haskell Laboratory\uff09\u53d1\u73b0 C-8\u201c\u5728\u5438\u5165\u65f6\u6709\u5267\u6bd2\uff0c\u6444\u5165\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7b49\u6bd2\u6027\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u675c\u90a61979\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u79d8\u5bc6\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u65af\u514b\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u72d7\u6444\u5165\u5355\u5242\u91cf\u7684PFOA\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u4e24\u5929\u5185\u6b7b\u4ea1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u51fa\u751f\u7f3a\u9677\u3001\u81f4\u764c\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n
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\u5bf9PFAS\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u9010\u5e74\u6df1\u5165\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aHanna Joerss and Frank Menger, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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<\/strong>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a
https:\/\/annalsofglobalhealth.org\/articles\/10.5334\/aogh.4013
https:\/\/www.ucsf.edu\/news\/2023\/05\/425451\/makers-pfas-forever-chemicals-covered-dangers
https:\/\/www.chemistryworld.com\/news\/3m-pledges-to-exit-pfas-manufacturing\/4016766.article
https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NJFbsWX4MJM
https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/whatwestudy\/assessments\/noncancer\/completed\/pfoa
https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/07\/31\/3m-pfas-minnesota-pfoa-pfos\/https:\/\/www.wvtf.org\/news\/2023-01-25\/what-do-researchers-know-about-the-health-impacts-of-genx
<\/strong>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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