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\u591a\u5f69\u94c3\u87fe\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aHarold van der Ploeg – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cc\u773c\u775b\u91cc\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u6709\u4f60\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n
\u64b0\u6587 | \u51ac\u9e22
\u5ba1\u6821 | \u4e8c\u4e03

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\u9996\u5148\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\u7167\u7247\u4e0d\u662fP\u7684\uff01<\/strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c31\u5982\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u662f\u7231\u5fc3\u5f62\u72b6\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u591a\u5f69\u94c3\u87fe\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1apixabay\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u5b83\u53eb\u505a\u591a\u5f69\u94c3\u87fe<\/strong>\uff08Bombina variegata<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e24\u6816\u7eb2\u65e0\u5c3e\u76ee\u94c3\u87fe\u79d1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\u53bb\uff0c\u5b83\u6beb\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u5e38\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u201c\u765e\u86e4\u87c6\u201d\u597d\u50cf\u5e76\u65e0\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u5b83\u7ffb\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u53eb\u591a\u5f69\u94c3\u87fe\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u7684\u8179\u90e8\u662f\u9c9c\u8273\u7684\u9ec4\u8272\u6216\u6a59\u8272\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u6df1\u8272\u6591\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e73\u5e73\u65e0\u5947\u7684\u80cc\u90e8\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u591a\u5f69\u94c3\u87fe\u7684\u8179\u90e8\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aChristian Fischer, CC BY-SA 3.0\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b83\u90a3\u7231\u5fc3\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5947\u7279\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0d\u6b62\u591a\u5f69\u94c3\u87fe\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5c31\u62ff\u5b83\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u65e0\u5c3e\u76ee\uff08\u86d9\u7c7b\u548c\u87fe\u870d\u7c7b\uff09\u52a8\u7269\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u526f\u6251\u514b\u724c\u7684\u82b1\u8272\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u7ea2\u5fc3\uff1aBombina variegata<\/em>\u3001\u9ed1\u6843\uff1aOccidozyga lima<\/em>\u3001\u6885\u82b1\uff1aBoana geographica<\/em>\u3001\u65b9\u7247\uff1aOdontophrynus americanus<\/em>\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aGervino et al, 2021\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u57282021\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520aB\u300b\uff08Proceedings of the Royal Society B<\/em>\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5206\u6790\u4e863200\u79cd\u86d9\u6216\u87fe\u870d\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e03\u7c7b\uff1a\u5782\u76f4\uff08\u5360\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u79cd\u768410.8%\uff09\u3001\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u536077.9%\uff09\u3001\u83f1\u5f62\uff08\u53606.3%\uff09\u3001\u5706\u5f62\uff08\u53602.1%\uff09\u3001\u6247\u5f62\uff08\u53600.6%\uff09\u3001\u5012\u6247\u5f62\uff08\u53600.1%\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u4e0d\u540c\u65e0\u5c3e\u76ee\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aGervino et al, 2021\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\u65e0\u5c3e\u76ee\u77b3\u5b54\u7684\u4e03\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u5f62\u72b6\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aGervino et al, 2021\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u90fd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n



\u5706\u5f62\u548c\u72ed\u7f1d<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2015\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u00b7\u8fdb\u5c55\u300b\uff08Science Advances<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c31\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u9646\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u77b3\u5b54\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8c03\u63a7\u5916\u754c\u7684\u5149\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u773c\u7403<\/strong>\u3002\u5149\u7ebf\u8f83\u6697\u65f6\uff0c\u77b3\u5b54\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5149\u8fdb\u5165\u773c\u7403\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u6210\u50cf\uff1b\u5149\u7ebf\u8f83\u4eae\u65f6\uff0c\u77b3\u5b54\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u591a\u5149\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u635f\u4f24\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u4eba\u7c7b\u77b3\u5b54\u5927\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aRapidreflex – CC BY-SA 4.0\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\u7ad6\u7740\u548c\u6a2a\u7740<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u76f8\u673a\u7684\u5149\u5708\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aKoeppiK – CC BY-SA 4.0\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\u5de6\uff1a\u5927\u5149\u5708\u62cd\u6444\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5c0f\u666f\u6df1\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u80cc\u666f\u6a21\u7cca\uff1b\u53f3\uff1a\u5c0f\u5149\u5708\u62cd\u6444\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u666f\u6df1\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53\u90fd\u6e05\u6670\u3002\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1afir0002flagstaffotos via wikimedia\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u4e0d\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aBenFrantzDale – CC BY-SA 3.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76f8\u673a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5927\u5149\u5708\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5c0f\u5149\u5708\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5706\u5f62\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u5bf9\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u76f8\u540c<\/strong>\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f60\u5bb6\u7684\u732b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u7ad6\u76f4\u7684\u72ed\u7f1d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u5149\u5708\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7ad6\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5149\u5708<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1apixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u7ad6\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u800c\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u805a\u7126\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u7a0d\u5fae\u9760\u524d\u6216\u8005\u9760\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u6a21\u7cca\uff08\u5373\u5728\u7ad6\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u666f\u6df1\uff0c\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u83b7\u5f97\u5c0f\u666f\u6df1<\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
\u7ad6\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u72ed\u7f1d\u77b3\u5b54\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u6548\u679c\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aBanks et al, 2015\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u786e\u5b9a\u773c\u524d\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u4f0f\u51fb\u6355\u98df\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f0f\u51fb\u6355\u98df\u8005\u5e73\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u4e1b\u6797\u6216\u704c\u6728\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7740\u730e\u7269\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5f53\u730e\u7269\u9760\u8fd1\u5b83\u4eec\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u731b\u5730\u51b2\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u77ac\u95f4\u6293\u4f4f\u730e\u7269\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u51fa\u624b\u524d\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u730e\u7269\u8ddd\u79bb\u81ea\u5df1\u591a\u8fdc\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6355\u730e\u80fd\u591f\u4e00\u51fb\u5fc5\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f0f\u51fb\u6355\u98df\u8005\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u7ad6\u76f4\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u72ed\u7f1d\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u88ab\u6355\u98df\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6355\u98df\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u775b\u901a\u5e38\u957f\u5728\u4e24\u4fa7\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u66f4\u5e7f\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6355\u98df\u8005<\/strong>\u3002\u4f46\u957f\u5728\u4e24\u4fa7\u7684\u773c\u775b\u53c8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u65b9\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u770b\u5f97\u4e0d\u591f\u7acb\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u9003\u8dd1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u8fa8\u524d\u65b9\u5730\u9762\u7684\u8d77\u4f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7eca\u5012\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1apixabay<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u5947\u5f62\u602a\u72b6\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\u56e0\u4f55\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u8bba<\/strong>\u3002\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520aB\u300b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u65e0\u5c3e\u76ee\u52a8\u7269\u4e03\u79cd\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53d1\u73b0\u6c34\u751f\u6709\u5c3e\u76ee\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u5706\u5f62\u77b3\u5b54\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u8c31\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u591a\u6b21\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u86d9\u7c7b\u548c\u87fe\u870d\u7c7b\u7684\u4e03\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5c31\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86116\u6b21\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
\u6709\u5c3e\u76ee\u4e03\u79cd\u77b3\u5b54\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u7cfb\u8c31\u5206\u6790\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aGervino et al, 2021\uff09<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5386\u53f2\u6ca1\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u957f\u51fa\u7231\u5fc3\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u77b3\u5b54\u6765\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u6211\u7231\u4f60\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u4f60\u51d1\u8fd1\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cc\u773c\u775b\u91cc\uff0c\u660e\u660e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u662f\u4f60\u4e86\u5440<\/strong>\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a
https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspb.2021.1402
https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.1500391
https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biolinnean\/article\/137\/3\/434\/6693377
https:\/\/www.iflscience.com\/why-do-animals-have-different-pupil-shapes-72678
https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Depth_of_field
<\/strong>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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